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Statistics: ideas and frameworks explained

A collection of ideas, frameworks and techniques related to Statistics, explained clearly so they are easy to understand and share.

What are false positives? Sir David Spiegelhalter's needle-in-a-haystack analogy shows why searching for rare events can produce many false positives, even with good detection techniques.False Needles in HaystacksAll models are wrong, but some are useful - George Box statistics quote example and meaning with a map and simple modelAll models are wrong, but some are useful — George Box quotePeeling away the intent and subtlety behind what seems a simple metric. Next to an onion.The metrics onionSneaky averages: A statistician sinking in the deep part of a pond by a sign saying the average depth is 3ftSneaky averagesCorrelation is not causation illustration: A chart of the correlation between storks nesting on roofs and children in a household is shown above a street of progressively larger family houses with more and more storks and someone wondering if the storks are bringing the babiesCorrelation is not causationSampling bias: a presenter proudly shows the conclusion of a bar chart of responses from people who were asked if they love responding to surveys. A resounding 'yes'.Sampling biasBeyond developing and developed world views: a world of 4 income levels from Sketchplanations, Factfulness and GapminderA world of 4 income levelsWhat's the difference between Accuracy and Precision illustrated with examples from shooting at targetsAccuracy and precisionMeasures of central tendency: mean, median, modeCommon distributions: normal, skewed, pareto

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